Journal: Journal of aerosol science

Article Title: Recommendations for Simulating Microparticle Deposition at Conditions Similar to the Upper Airways with Two-Equation Turbulence Models

doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.02.007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mean and standard deviations of the deposition fraction for the Recommended, Intermediate, Targeted, and Poor Ratio meshes when using the Least Squares Cell-based (LSQ) and Green-Gauss Node-based (GGN) gradient discretization methods

Article Snippet: 2.4.2 Gradient and Spatial Discretization Schemes The default gradient discretization scheme available in ANSYS FLUENT is the LSQ scheme developed by Anderson and Bonhaus (1994) .

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Article Title: IGF-I Receptor Is Required for the Anabolic Actions of Parathyroid Hormone on Bone

doi: 10.1359/jbmr.070517

Figure Lengend Snippet: IGF-IR is required for the actions of PTH on bone mass. Fat-free weight/body weight (FFW/BW) of tibia in IGF-I receptor osteoblast null (IGF-IR OBKO, hatched bars) mice was significantly less (*p < 0.05) than that in control mice (open bars). PTH significantly (#p < 0.05) decreased FFW/BW of tibia in control mice, but not in IGF-IR OBKO mice, although the same trend was observed. Results are expressed as means ± SD: n = 7 (four males and three females) in the vehicle-treated control group and n = 9 (four males and five females) in the other groups.

Article Snippet: Twelve-week-old control mice and mice with an osteoblast-specific IGF-IR –null mutation were treated with either PTH [lsqb]PTH(1–34), rat; Bachem[rsqb] 80 μg/kg body weight (BW) or vehicle (150 mM NaCl, 1 mM 1 N HCl, and 2% heat-inactivated FBS dissolved in distilled water) everyday by subcutaneous injection for 2 wk.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Article Title: IGF-I Receptor Is Required for the Anabolic Actions of Parathyroid Hormone on Bone

doi: 10.1359/jbmr.070517

Figure Lengend Snippet: Role of IGF-IR in mediating the response of PTH on bone structure. Trabecular bone volume (BV) and cortical bone thickness (C. Th; *p < 0.05) were less in IGF-I receptor osteoblast null (IGF-IR OBKO) mice (hatched bars) than in control mice (open bars). PTH significantly decreased BV by 22% (#p < 0.05) and increased C.Th by 18% (#p < 0.05) in control mice, but had less effect in IGF-IR OBKO mice, although the trends were comparable. Results were determined by μCT and expressed as means ± SD: n = 7 (four males and three females) in the vehicle-treated control group and n = 9 (four males and five females) in the other groups.

Article Snippet: Twelve-week-old control mice and mice with an osteoblast-specific IGF-IR –null mutation were treated with either PTH [lsqb]PTH(1–34), rat; Bachem[rsqb] 80 μg/kg body weight (BW) or vehicle (150 mM NaCl, 1 mM 1 N HCl, and 2% heat-inactivated FBS dissolved in distilled water) everyday by subcutaneous injection for 2 wk.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Article Title: IGF-I Receptor Is Required for the Anabolic Actions of Parathyroid Hormone on Bone

doi: 10.1359/jbmr.070517

Figure Lengend Snippet: Role of IGF-IR in mediating the response of PTH on trabecular bone volume and formation. At the primary spongiosa, trabecular bone volume (BV/TV; *p < 0.05) was less in IGF-IR OBKO mice (A3, hatched bars in B) than in control mice (A1, open bars in B). PTH significantly increased BV/TV control mice (A2, open bars in B), but had less effect at the primary spongiosa of IGF-IR OBKO mice (A4, hatched bars in B). At the secondary spongiosa, PTH had less effect on BV/TV of both control (C, open bars) and IGF-IR OBKO (C, hatched bars). Trabecular bone formation rate (BFR/BS) significantly (*p < 0.05) decreased in the IGF-IR OBKO mice (D, hatched bars) than control mice (D, open bars). PTH stimulated BFR/BS in both control mice (*p < 0.05) and IGF-IR OBKO mice (#p < 0.05). There were no significant differences on mineral apposition rate (MAR) between control mice (E, open bars) and IGF-IR OBKO mice (E, hatched bars). PTH stimulated MAR only in the control mice (*p < 0.05). Results were determined by bone histomorphometry, expressed as means ± SD: n = 8 (four males and four females) in each group.

Article Snippet: Twelve-week-old control mice and mice with an osteoblast-specific IGF-IR –null mutation were treated with either PTH [lsqb]PTH(1–34), rat; Bachem[rsqb] 80 μg/kg body weight (BW) or vehicle (150 mM NaCl, 1 mM 1 N HCl, and 2% heat-inactivated FBS dissolved in distilled water) everyday by subcutaneous injection for 2 wk.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Article Title: IGF-I Receptor Is Required for the Anabolic Actions of Parathyroid Hormone on Bone

doi: 10.1359/jbmr.070517

Figure Lengend Snippet: IGF-IR mediates the stimulation by PTH of periosteal and endosteal bone formation at the tibiofibular junction (TFJ). Periosteal bone formation rate (Peri. BFR) (A) and mineral apposition rate (Peri. MAR) (B) were significantly lower in IGF-I receptor osteoblast null mice (IGF-IR OBKO, hatched bars) than in control mice (open bars). PTH tended to increase Peri.BFR (A) and Peri.MAR (B) in control mice (p = 0.58), but had no effect in the IGF-IR OBKO mice. Endosteal (Endo.) BFR (C), and MAR (D) were comparable in control and IGF-IR OBKO mice. PTH significantly increased Endo.BFR and Endo.MAR in control mice but not in IGF-IR OBKO mice. Results were determined by bone histomorphometry using double label tetracycline and expressed as means ± SD. *p < 0.05 vs. vehicle-treated control mice. n = 7 (four males and three females) in the vehicle-treated control group and n = 9 (four males and five females) in the other groups.

Article Snippet: Twelve-week-old control mice and mice with an osteoblast-specific IGF-IR –null mutation were treated with either PTH [lsqb]PTH(1–34), rat; Bachem[rsqb] 80 μg/kg body weight (BW) or vehicle (150 mM NaCl, 1 mM 1 N HCl, and 2% heat-inactivated FBS dissolved in distilled water) everyday by subcutaneous injection for 2 wk.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Article Title: IGF-I Receptor Is Required for the Anabolic Actions of Parathyroid Hormone on Bone

doi: 10.1359/jbmr.070517

Figure Lengend Snippet: IGF-IR is required for PTH to stimulate osteoprogenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. The numbers of ALP+ colonies at day 14 of culture are equivalent in BMSCs from IGF-I receptor osteoblast null (IGF-IR OBKO) mice and controls. However, PTH increased the number of these colonies only in the controls (A). Subsequent mineralization (calcium nodules staining by alizarin red) of these colonies from the IGF-IR OBKO mice by day 28 was markedly decreased. PTH significantly increased mineralization on day 28 in BMSCs from control mice but not in BMSCs from IGF-IR OBKO mice. Results are expressed as means ± SD. *p < 0.05 vs. vehicle-treated control mice. n = 4 (three males and one female) in the vehicle-treated control and IGF-IR OBKO mice; n = 6 (three males and three females) in PTH-treated control mice; and n = 5 (three males and two females) in PTH-treated IGF-IR OBKO mice.

Article Snippet: Twelve-week-old control mice and mice with an osteoblast-specific IGF-IR –null mutation were treated with either PTH [lsqb]PTH(1–34), rat; Bachem[rsqb] 80 μg/kg body weight (BW) or vehicle (150 mM NaCl, 1 mM 1 N HCl, and 2% heat-inactivated FBS dissolved in distilled water) everyday by subcutaneous injection for 2 wk.

Techniques: Staining, Control